Dol Starter User Manual

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The most simple and inexpensive method of starting a squirrel cage induction motor is the DOL starting method. As the name implies, it switches the motor directly onto the three phase supply.

The use of DOL starters is restricted up to smaller rating motors, as these starters do not limit the starting current. The essential elements of a DOL starter include a main contactor and protective devices. Let us discuss this starter in detail.

Dol Starter Pdf

Direct-on-Line (DOL) Starter

It is an easiest method for starting up three phase induction motor in which stator windings of the motor are connected directly to the main supply.

When an induction motor is connected to the three phase supply, a very large current typically 5 to 8 times the full load current flows through the motor. This heavy current reduces as the motor accelerates to its rated speed.

If induction motor is connected directly to the supply, the starting current will not damage the motor unless it is started and stopped repeatedly over a short span of time.

If large rating induction motors are connected directly to the supply, a heavy starting current can damage the motor and also cause disturbance of voltage, i.e., voltage dip on mains supply. This can lead malfunctioning of other equipments connected to the same supply.

This is the reason why DOL starters are limited to small rating motors where distribution system (mains supply) can withstand high starting currents without excessive voltage dips.

For a large rating motor, ranging from 5 HP to 25 HP, oil immersed DOL starters are used which provides insulation against sparking on contact points and hence increases the life of starter.

DOL starter consists of MCCB, contactor, and overload relay. It acts as a switch under normal working condition by providing the means to switch ON and switch OFF the motor.

It holds the switch ON condition when motor is running by the use of latch mechanism and interrupts the flow of current to the motor once the stop button is pressed.

It also incorporates the overload tripping mechanism that can be operated by either thermal or magnetic overload trips. These tripping mechanisms are activated when there is a sustained increase of current flow through the starter.

Construction or Parts of DOL Starter

It consists of two push buttons, one is a green button for starting the motor and the other is red for stopping the motor. The switching of power supply is carried through an electromagnetic contactor which can be 3 or 4 pole contactor.

This electromagnetic contactor has three NO contacts that connect the motor to the supply line while fourth contact (also called as an auxiliary contact) works as hold-on contact when the start button is released in order to energize the contactor coil.

This auxiliary contact (NO or NC) makes the contactor to be electrically latched while motor is operating and these contacts are less power rated than three main NO contacts.

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If any reason, power supply fails or voltage drops excessively, it releases the latch by de-energizing the coil and thus motor disconnected from the supply.

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The contactor coil is connected in series with a start button, stop button and overload trip mechanism. This connection is called control circuit which is generally energized from two lines of three phase supply via a step down transformer.

Overload Protection

DOL starter is also provided with overload relay to protect the motor from overloads. The overload relays are provided with heating elements inside of which bimetallic strips are arranged.

When excessive current flows through the motor, overheating causes to damage the motor winding. The overload coil becomes hot when the over current flows through the motor. This causes to expand bimetallic strip and thereby opens the trip contact.

This overload mechanism should operate at 20 to 30% overload. When the overload coil trips, the current through the contactor coil stops flowing and hence the contactor contacts come to the OFF position.

Overload relays are provided with current adjuster such that tripping coil current can be adjusted depending on the load protection requirement.

In some DOL starters, overload relays can be magnetic or electronic type. In magnetic type, electromagnetic coils are energized when the excess current flows and they are not affected by the temperature. In electronic type, solid state components operate the tripping mechanism and they are ideally used in precise applications.

Working of DOL Starter

The wiring connection of DOL starter with start and stop buttons is shown in figure below. The DOL starter main terminals are connected between the mains supply terminals and motor terminals while the control circuit is energized with two terminals of three phase supply as illustrated in figure.